Steam-turbine.



PATENTED JUNE 25,v 1907.

c. A.` PARSONS. STEAM TURBINB. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 12.1908.

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' No. 858,205. YPATMTED JUNE 25, 1907Y C. A. PARSONS.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY12.19ou.

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PATBNTED JUNE 25, 19o?.

C. A. IPARSONS.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION HLBD JULY12.1906.

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PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

G. A. PARSONS. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 12.1906.

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YUNrrEn sTATEs PATENT oEErcE. s

CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented .Tune 25, 1907.

Applieatiouled July 12.19.06. .Serial No. 325.831.

To f1/ZZ w/aom, it may cen/cern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, a subj ect ofthe King of Great Britthe working clearances becomes very important and may cause a considerable loss of erhciency in the turbine by varying the working clearances from those predetermined. Thus the shaft and casing are-bound* together at the thrust block and from this point the eX- pansion of the-parts may vary considerably so that when the packings are some distance apart serious. results may follow.

The object of my invention is to equalize the total expansions which govern such clearance under all conditions ofy working. Thus a pair of longitudinal packings consisting of say a collar working in a groove require for eicient operation to work the one within the other with a mnnmum ofclearance and 1t is with the object of maintaining these clearances without making such allowances 1n the "packing as would 'entail considerable loss in sys eliciency that the present invention is made. The lnventlon comprises the heatlng of `these parts not subject directlyto the heating action of the working fluid so as to main- .tain the predetermined clearances at radial and axial packings, or the temperature ofthe parts may be maintained equal by circulating oil through jackets or passages formed Von or in these parts. f l

Referring no'w to the accompanying drawings which form part of my specification. Figure 1 is a section through vthe dummy piston end of a turbine showing a method of heatingthe turbine case to a temperature substantially equal to that of the rotating shaft. Fig. 2 the line AA of Fig. 1. Figs.l Sand 4 are views similar to Fi s. 1 and 2, (Fig.4 being a sec tion on the line B B of Fig. 3) and show a modied form of the invention. `Fi s. 5 and 6 illustrate a further modification, ig. 5 being a view similar to Fig.1 While Fig. 6 is a of the is a view half in section onsection on the line C C-of Fig. 5. Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional side and cross elevations, re'- spectiVely, of a form*V of the invention in which theheat is applied to the rotating part. Fig. 7 a is asectio'n on the line D of In carrying out this invention in the manner shown in Figs. 1 to 6 of theaccompany-i ing drawings, I utilize the expansion of the 4shaft yby the heatgivenup by` the steam in the packing gland and Iprovide a jacket `in the turbine casing, which jacket may be supplied with steam at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure equal to that in the usual lanto 6, t ree constructions are shown.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the steam supplied heats only the lower part of the turbine case where the quantity of metal is greatest, this .heat being carried by conduction to vthe upper part of the case. The turbine shown here 1s eneral form which is `commonly used on lang. The usual dummy pistons, a, a', a, are shown formed in one with the turbine drum, c, which is mounted on the turbine shaft, b. The dummy pistons are provided with the usual steam packings andthe shaft is provided with the well known form of rotary packing gland, d. A. passage, e, leads to thecondenser and carries ofl' any steamthat may have leaked past the dummy piston, a, as is usual in steam turbines of this type. lFor the purpose of equalizing the expansion of the casing and the shaft I find in this form of turbine that it is necessary to heat the turbine casing'. To do this a pipe connection, j', is'provided which is connected casing and communicates freely with the lantern' space, h, of the packing gland, d. A

pi e, 7c, drains the lantern space, h.v In the leii; of Fig. 1 I have indicated the outside bearing, j, which is situated between the low ressure end of the turbine and a thrust lock at t.

substantially similar to those in Figs. 1. and 2. In this case, however, the steam jacket', g, extends over the whole of the end casing and thereby further assists inattaining the results-aimed at by this invention especially in the case of large turbines. In 3 roc.

l Inv Figs. 3 and 4 the usual turbine parts are -l the jacket, g, is connected to a suitable .steam space through a pipe j', located in the bottom of the case. Thelantern space,- 7L, in the gland, d, is coimected to the steam jacket, through the opening, m. As in the form described with reference to Il-igs. 1 and 2, the pipeI acts as a drain to the lantern space. ll will he recoguixeil also that in this form instead of the lantern space, i1, and the jacket, g, being common they are fed in series with the same steam.

Figs. 5 and 6 show another modification in which the jacket extends over the whole of the end casing. The difference between this form and that shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is that the lantern space, h, and the jacket g are separately connected to steam spaces. The opening, f, leads to the steam jacket, while the opening, o, leads to the lantern space, 7L. In this form it is possible to supply the jacket and lantern space with steam atA different pressures or the same as desired.

F igs. 7 and S illustrate a method of applying my invention to a turbine of the type which is usually applied in marine work. In this form of turbine the expansion of the nonrotating parts tends to diminish the working clearance so that it becomes necessary to heat the rot-ating parts. This is done in the form illustrated by providing the end Wheel of the turbine drum with hollow4 spokes, p,

the inner ends, of which register with radial holes, r, in tlqie shaft. These radial holes, r, communicate with a central hole s, in the shaft while the hollow spokes are left open at the periphery of the drum. The passages in the hollow spokes are conveniently of the flared or trumpet formation as shown in Fig. 8, the narrower part in Fig. 8 being of oval section as indicated in Fig. 7*1 which is a sec" tion on the line D D of Fig. 7.

The remainder of the turbine is of usual construction and will be readily understood without further description.

This invention may be applied in various ways to various forms of turbines and 'it will be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular forms of its application herein described in detail.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new 'and desire to' secure by Letters Patent isz- 1` In combination in an axial flow turbine ay shaft, a drum and casing, a thrust block on the turbine shaft, packings arranged at va-,

sesgos block on the turbine shaft, paekings arranged at various distances along the shaft and tur'- bine drum, heating chambers in the turbine casing arranged to cause equal expansion of ixed and rotating parts relative to said thrust block, substantially as described.

`3. In combination 'with an axial flow steam turbine a shaft, a drum and casing, a thrust block on the turbine shaft, labyrinth paekings arranged at various distances along the shaft or turbine drum, a Huid circulating chamber on the end of the turbine case the fluid circulating through which maintains a uniform expansion throughout the case shaft and drum, substantially as described.

4. In a turbine of the axial flow type, means for maintaining the predetermined clearances at the packings arranged at various distances apart along the turbine drum and shaft, comprising a steam jacket on the end casino', a lantern space (la.) around the gland packing, a communicating passage between said lantern space and said jacket, substantially as described.

5. In a turbine of the axial flow type, means for maintaining the predetermined clearances at the packings arranged at various distances apart along the turbine drum and shaft, comprising a steam jacket on part of the end casing, a lantern space (ft) around the gland packing, a communicating passage between said lantern space and said jacket, substantially as described.

6. Inl a turbine of the axial flow type, means for maintaining the predetermined clearances at the p'ackings arranged at various distances apart along the turbine drum and shaft, comprising a steam jacket on the lower part of the end casing where the metal is thick, a lantern space (h) around the gland packing, a communicating passage between said lantern space and said jacket, substantially as described.'

7. In a turbine of the axial iiow type,

means for maintaining the predetermined.

clearances at the packings arranged at various distances apart along the turbine drum and shaft, comprising near the packing gland where the shaft passes out of the turbine case a steam jacket on the end casing, a steam connection to said jacket, an independent steam connection to the lantern space (fr) around the packing gland, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I a'flix my signature m presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES ALG'IIRON IRSONS. Witnesses:

EUs'rAcE H. BARKER, JonN J. NEWPORT.

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